The four located in Rome, are major basilicas,Saint Peter,Saint Mary Major, Saint John,Saint Paul Outside the Walls.
Being major basilicas, they have a holy door and a papal altar: the holy doors are opened with a special ritual by the Pope or one of his commissioners only for the duration of a Holy Year, and they play an important role in granting the so-called plenary indulgence ; the papal altar is an altar where only the pope or a few other priests can celebrate the Eucharist.
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The largest church in Rome after St Peter’s (and the world’s third-largest), this vast basilica stands on the site where St Paul was buried after being decapitated in AD 67. Built by Constantine in the 4th century, it was largely destroyed by fire in 1823 and much of what you see is a 19th-century reconstruction. The echoey results have a modern feel and draw large groups of pilgrims who are dwarfed by the huge interior.
santamariamaggiore- History, Art and Spirituality The Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major has dominated over the city of Rome for 16 centuries as the Marian shrine par excellence and the cradle of artistic civilization. Located at the summit of the Esquiline Hill, it is one of Rome’s four Papal Basilicas. According to tradition, the Virgin Mary indicated and inspired the construction of her abode on the Esquiline Hill.
The Cathedral of the Most Holy Savior and of Saints John the Baptist and the Evangelist in the Lateran, better known as the Basilica of San Giovanni in Laterano, is, by definition, the "mother of all the churches in the world" and represents the ideal trait d'union between the pagan and the Christian era. Initially born as a building for public meetings and for the administration of justice, it was transformed into a majestic ecclesiastical structure, suitable for hosting a large number of faithful, with the spread of the new cult.
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